N-杂环卡宾及其前体功能化多孔材料的研究进展

黎知博; 付婉婷; 王珈畅; 杜世雄; 吕春欣

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N-杂环卡宾及其前体功能化多孔材料的研究进展

Research Progress of N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their precursors infunctionalised porous materials

投稿时间：2026-05-19 修订日期：2026-06-25

DOI：

中文关键词: N-杂环卡宾多孔材料多相催化前体功能化

英文关键词:N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Porous Materials Heterogeneous Catalysis Precursor Functionalization

基金项目:

作者	单位	邮编
黎知博	嘉兴大学生物与化学工程学院嘉兴314001	314001
付婉婷	嘉兴大学生物与化学工程学院嘉兴314001
王珈畅	嘉兴大学生物与化学工程学院嘉兴314001
杜世雄	嘉兴大学生物与化学工程学院嘉兴314001
吕春欣^*	嘉兴大学生物与化学工程学院嘉兴314001	314001

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中文摘要:

近几十年来,N-杂环卡宾(N-heterocyclic carbenes, NHCs)已发展成为医药、纳米技术与催化领域中功能多样、性能优异的功能分子。但直至近十年,NHCs及其前体的多相化构建,及其在金属-有机框架(MOFs)、共价有机框架(COFs)、多孔有机聚合物(POPs)等多孔材料中的应用拓展才得到系统且深入的研究。研究者通过从头合成法与后合成修饰法,设计合成了大量含NHCs及其前体的功能构筑单元,并将其引入上述多孔材料体系,成功构建出具有多样结构与可调孔隙特性的功能材料,赋予材料优异的循环使用性能,极大拓展了多孔材料的潜在应用范围。本文系统总结并探讨了NHCs及其前体功能化多孔材料的合成方法、结构特征与应用前景,对该前沿领域的发展机遇与挑战进行了简要展望,可为相关研究者设计、合成新型NHCs及其前体功能化多孔材料提供理论参考与研究指导。

英文摘要:

Though N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as structurally and functionally diverse, high-performance discrete functional molecules in pharmaceutics, nanotechnology, and catalysis over the past decades, the heterogenization of NHCs and their precursors, as well as the expansion of their applications in porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and porous organic polymers (POPs), have not been systematically and thoroughly investigated until the last decade. Via de novo synthesis and post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategies, a wide range of functional building blocks containing NHCs and their precursors have been rationally designed and synthesized, and incorporated into the aforementioned porous material platforms. This has enabled the successful construction of functional materials with diverse architectures and tunable porosity, endowing these systems with excellent recyclability and significantly expanding the scope of potential applications of porous materials. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the synthetic methodologies, structural characteristics, and application prospects of porous materials functionalized with NHCs and their precursors. A brief outlook on the development opportunities and existing challenges in this cutting-edge field is also provided. This work is expected to offer theoretical reference and research guidance for researchers engaged in the design and synthesis of novel NHC- and precursor-functionalized porous materials.

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