| With rapid economic growth, cosmetics have emerged as essential daily consumer goods. However, driven by the pursuit of immediate results, some unscrupulous manufacturers illicitly incorporate prohibited substances—such as glucocorticoids, antibiotics, antifungals, and antihistamines—into their products. This poses a severe threat to consumer health and has led to a steady year-on-year increase in cosmetic-related cases handled by the Food, Drug, and Environmental crime investigation departments of public security organs. The structural complexity of cosmetic matrices, coupled with the vast variety and trace concentrations of these illegal additives, presents significant challenges for analytical detection. This paper provides an overview of common illegal additives in cosmetics and their associated health risks. Against this backdrop, it systematically reviews sample pretreatment technologies tailored for complex matrices, specifically analyzing the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of Solid-Phase Extraction , Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, and green microextraction techniques. Finally, the current applications of advanced analytical techniques, including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Time-of-Flight High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry—in the screening and quantification of illegal additives are summarized. This study aims to provide a robust theoretical foundation and technical reference for public security agencies in the investigation and prosecution of cosmetic-related crimes. |
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