Janus二氧化硅纳米流体的制备及渗吸驱油性能研究

张磊; 潘斌林; 石静; 封政均; 刘聪聪; 李茗政; 曹美文

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Janus二氧化硅纳米流体的制备及渗吸驱油性能研究

Preparation and Imbibition-Displacement Oil Recovery Performance of Janus Silica Nanofluids

投稿时间：2026-04-28 修订日期：2026-05-26

DOI：

中文关键词: Janus二氧化硅低渗透油藏动态渗吸界面张力润湿反转

英文关键词:Janus SiO₂ low-permeability reservoir dynamic imbibition interfacial tension wettability reversal

基金项目:国家科技重大专项

作者	单位	邮编
张磊	中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院东营	257015
潘斌林	中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院东营
石静	中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院东营
封政均	中国石油大学（华东）
刘聪聪	中国石油大学（华东）
李茗政	中国石油大学（华东）
曹美文^*	中国石油大学(华东)化学工程学院	266580

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中文摘要:

低渗透油藏孔喉狭窄、毛管压力高，化学驱体系注入难、渗吸效率低。本文报道了Janus型二氧化硅（SiO2）纳米颗粒的可控制备、界面性能及在低渗透岩心中的动态渗吸-驱油性能。首先采用“原位疏水修饰-碱蚀破碎”两步法制备了具有–CH3/–OH双面结构的Janus SiO2纳米颗粒，其粒径~13 nm；随后通过TEM、DLS、FT-IR、旋转滴界面张力仪、接触角、核磁共振 T2谱及荧光标记纳米颗粒低渗岩心渗吸实验，评价其界面活性、润湿反转能力、渗吸动力学及压力传导规律。结果表明：①Janus SiO2在 0.05 wt% 即可把油-水界面张力降至 17 mN/m，较未改性SiO2降低 65 %；②0.05 wt% Janus SiO2可将亲水玻璃表面接触角从38°提高到120°，实现润湿反转；③最优注入速度0.4 mL/min、焖井 6 h，小孔中原油采出程度提高19个百分点；④0.03 wt% Janus SiO2动态渗吸最终采出程度 46.69 %，为地层水的1.58倍；⑤三维模型中Janus SiO2驱替压力较水驱降低32 %，采收率提高6.6 %；⑥荧光实验证实Janus SiO2纳米颗粒可自由进入<0.1 μm的孔喉，均匀分布于低渗透岩心，实现深部运移。所合成Janus SiO2纳米颗粒兼具“尺寸匹配-界面活性-降压减阻”功能，为低渗透油藏提供可注入、高效渗吸的一体化纳米流体技术。

英文摘要:

Low-permeability reservoirs are characterized by narrow pore throats and high capillary pressure, leading to poor injectability of chemical flooding agents and low imbibition efficiency. This paper reports the controllable preparation, interfacial properties, and dynamic imbibition-displacement performance of Janus-type silica (SiO2) nanoparticles in low-permeability cores. First, Janus SiO2 nanoparticles with a –CH3/–OH dual-surface structure and a particle size of ~13 nm were synthesized via a two-step "in-situ hydrophobic modification-alkali etching fragmentation" method. Subsequently, their interfacial activity, wettability reversal capability, imbibition kinetics, and pressure transmission behavior were evaluated using TEM, DLS, FT-IR, a spinning drop interfacial tensiometer, contact angle measurements, NMR T2 spectroscopy, high-pressure mercury intrusion, long core tests, and a 3D physical model. The results show that: (1) Janus SiO2 reduces the oil-water interfacial tension to 17 mN/m at a concentration of 0.05 wt%, which is 65% lower than that of unmodified SiO2; (2) At 0.05 wt%, Janus SiO2 increases the contact angle of a hydrophilic glass surface from 38° to 120°, achieving wettability reversal; (3) The optimal injection rate is 0.4 mL/min with a soaking time of 6 hours, increasing the utilization of small pores by 19%; (4) Dynamic imbibition with 0.03 wt% Janus SiO2 yields a final oil recovery of 46.69%, which is 1.58 times that of formation water; (5) In the three-dimensional model, the displacement pressure of Janus SiO2 nanofluid is reduced by 32% compared to water flooding, and the oil recovery is increased by 6.6%; (6) Fluorescence experiments confirm that Janus SiO2 nanoparticles can freely enter pore throats smaller than 0.1 μm and are uniformly distributed in low-permeability cores, achieving deep migration. The synthesized Janus SiO2 nanoparticles integrate the functions of "size matching, interfacial activity, and pressure reduction", providing an integrated nanofluid technology with both injectability and high-efficiency imbibition for low-permeability reservoirs.

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