水系锌碘电池正极宿主材料的研究进展

李元沛; 郭首君; 刘钊利; 孙兴伟

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水系锌碘电池正极宿主材料的研究进展

Advances in Cathode Host Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Iodine Batteries

投稿时间：2026-04-11 修订日期：2026-05-07

DOI：

中文关键词: 水系锌碘电池碘宿主材料碘物种穿梭效应

英文关键词:Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries, Iodine host materials, Iodine species, Shuttle effect

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（22569020）

作者	单位	邮编
李元沛	内蒙古工业大学化工学院呼和浩特	010051
郭首君	内蒙古工业大学化工学院呼和浩特
刘钊利	内蒙古工业大学化工学院呼和浩特
孙兴伟^*	内蒙古工业大学化工学院呼和浩特	010051

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中文摘要:

水系锌碘电池(AZIBs)因具有高安全性、高比容量(211 mAh·g-1)及低成本等优势已成为能源存储领域的研究热点。然而,AZIBs面临碘物种易溶于水系电解液、导电性差以及I-/I2氧化还原反应动力学缓慢等问题,导致严重的穿梭效应、倍率性能不佳及循环稳定性不足。构筑碘正极宿主材料是解决上述问题的有效策略。本文系统梳理了近年来面向AZIBs正极宿主材料的研究进展,重点归纳了无机碳基材料、有机材料、二维材料及聚合物等宿主材料,总结了其在抑制穿梭效应、缓解自放电以及加速反应动力学方面的作用机理与结构设计要点,以期为AZIBs正极宿主材料的设计与研究提供参考。最后,本文指出了当前AZIBs正极宿主材料研究所面临的关键问题,并展望了未来发展方向。

英文摘要:

Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries (AZIBs) have attracted considerable attention in the field of energy storage because of their high safety, high theoretical specific capacity (211 mAh.g_^-1), and low cost. However, their practical applications remain hindered by several critical challenges, including the high solubility of iodine species in aqueous electrolytes, poor electrical conductivity, and sluggish I_-^/I₂ redox kinetics, thereby leading to severe shuttle effect, poor rate capability, and limited cycling stability. The rational design of iodine cathode host materials has been widely recognized as an effective strategy to address these challenges. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in cathode host materials for AZIBs, with a particular focus on inorganic carbon-based materials, organic materials, two-dimensional materials, and polymers. The underlying mechanisms and key structural design principles of these host materials in suppressing the shuttle effect, mitigating self-discharge, and accelerating redox kinetics are discussed in detail, with the aim of providing useful insights for the rational design and development of advanced iodine cathode host materials for AZIBs. Finally, the key challenges in current research are highlighted, and future development directions are proposed.

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