| 张续东,宋昕玥,时鹏飞,王金刚,张书圣.化学通报,2026,89(7):777-793. |
| 表面增强拉曼光谱技术在微囊藻毒素高灵敏检测中的研究进展 |
| Research Progress in High-Sensitivity Detection of Microcystin Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Technology |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-10 修订日期：2026-04-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 表面增强拉曼散射 微囊藻毒素 检测策略 信号增强 SERS基底 |
| 英文关键词:SERS MC-LR Detection Strategies Signal Enhancement SERS Substrates |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MB139)、国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3210400)和国家自然科学基金项目(22274068,22576090)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 有害藻华及其伴生的蓝藻毒素，尤其是微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR），对水生态系统、饮用水安全及公共健康构成持续威胁，亟需发展高灵敏、高选择性的检测技术。表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）凭借其分子指纹识别能力和超高灵敏度，已成为实现MC-LR痕量检测的重要技术手段。本文系统综述了近年来SERS在MC-LR检测中的研究进展。从检测策略角度出发，重点比较了基于分子本征信号的直接检测方法与引入适配体、免疫识别、分子印迹聚合物及多模态联用体系的间接识别策略，阐明了不同方法在复杂环境基质中的适用性与性能差异。在此基础上，围绕SERS基底的结构设计与性能调控，归纳了贵金属纳米结构、异质纳米复合体系、二维/介孔材料及柔性基底的发展现状，并从电磁增强与化学增强协同作用出发，深入解析了热点空间分布与界面传质行为对信号放大的关键影响机制。进一步结合MC-LR大分子结构特性与弱吸附行为，揭示了其在SERS检测中面临的界面富集与信号稳定性挑战。针对当前研究中存在的实际应用受限问题，本文从基底可再生性、标准化光谱数据库构建及微型化集成检测系统等方面提出了未来发展方向，旨在为SERS技术在微囊藻毒素检测中的规模化与工程化应用提供系统性的理论支撑与技术路径参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Harmful algal blooms and their associated cyanotoxins, especially microcystin-LR (MC-LR), pose persistent threats to aquatic ecosystems, drinking water safety, and public health, making it imperative to develop highly sensitive and selective detection technologies. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), owing to its molecular fingerprint recognition capability and ultrahigh sensitivity, has become an important technical approach for the trace detection of MC-LR. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in SERS-based detection of MC-LR. From the perspective of detection strategies, it focuses on comparing direct detection methods based on the intrinsic molecular signals with indirect recognition strategies that incorporate aptamers, immunorecognition, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multimodal integrated platforms, thereby clarifying the applicability and performance differences of these methods in complex environmental matrices. The structural design and performance regulation of SERS substrates are discussed, covering noble metal nanostructures, heterogeneous nanocomposite systems, two-dimensional/mesoporous materials, and flexible substrates, and the key mechanisms of signal enhancement are analyzed from the perspective of the synergistic effects of electromagnetic and chemical enhancement, particularly the roles of hotspot spatial distribution and interfacial mass transfer behavior. Furthermore, by considering the large molecular structure and weak adsorption behavior of MC-LR, the challenges of interfacial enrichment and signal stability in SERS detection are revealed. In response to the limitations in current practical applications, future directions are proposed in terms of substrate regenerability, standardized spectral database construction, and the development of miniaturized integrated detection systems, aiming to provide systematic theoretical support and technical guidance for the large-scale and engineering application of SERS technology in microcystin detection. |
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