| 刘翔宇,董家新,杨 奇,田蒙,朱晓琳,曹宝月,高胜利.化学通报,2026,89(6):758-768. |
| 从“保温杯”到“集成化量热”：物理化学溶解热实验的现代化改革与综合教学设计 |
| From “Vacuum Flask” to “Integrated Calorimetry”: Modernization Reform and Comprehensive Instructional Teaching Design of the Dissolution Heat Experiment in Physical Chemistry |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-02 修订日期：2026-03-16 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 物理化学实验 热量仪 溶解热 实验教学改革 热化学循环 生成焓 |
| 英文关键词:Physical chemistry experiments Calorimeter Heat of solution Reform of experimental teaching Thermochemical cycle Enthalpy of formation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(22403010)和稀土镝簇合物分子磁体的构筑及组装过程的原位微量热研究(2025AAC020039)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 热力学性质的精确测量是物理化学实验教学的核心内容之一。然而,目前广泛采用的保温杯式热量计存在测量精度低、功能单一、难以自动化等局限,制约了学生综合实验素养的培养。为此,本文提出以“自动精密溶解-反应热量仪”替代传统装置的建议,并设计了集溶解热、稀释热、中和热测定及热化学循环应用于一体的综合性实验教学方案。该方案使学生能够在掌握高精度量热技术的同时,通过盖斯定律整合多组实验数据,最终计算出目标物质的标准摩尔生成焓。该教学设计将经典验证、仪器操作、数据外推(求无限稀释焓)和综合设计(求生成焓)融为一体,构建了阶梯式的能力训练体系。初步教学实践表明,该方案能有效引导学生显著提升解决复杂热力学问题的能力,为物理化学实验的现代化改革提供了行之有效的范例。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The precise measurement of thermodynamic properties is one of the core contents of physical chemistry experimental teaching. However, the current widely used calorimeter, the vacuum flask calorimeter, has the limitations of low measurement accuracy, single function, and difficult automation, which restricts the cultivation of students" comprehensive experimental literacy. To address these limitations, this paper proposes replacing traditional setups with an "automatic precision dissolution-reaction calorimeter" and introduces a comprehensive instructional scheme that integrates the measurement of dissolution, dilution, and neutralization heats with the application of thermochemical cycles. This scheme enables students to master high-precision calorimetry techniques while integrating multiple sets of experimental data through Hess"s law, ultimately calculating the standard molar enthalpy of the target substance. This teaching design integrates classic verification, instrument operation, data extrapolation (to infinite dilution enthalpy), and comprehensive design (to determine enthalpy of formation), constructing a tiered capacity training system. Preliminary teaching practice shows that this can effectively guide students to significantly improve their ability to solve complex thermodynamic problems, providing a feasible example for the modernization reform of physical chemistry experiments. |
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