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| 双取向常压干燥海藻酸钠/聚苯胺气凝胶的制备及性能研究 |
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| 投稿时间：2026-02-27 修订日期：2026-05-15 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 海藻酸钠 聚苯胺 气凝胶 常压干燥 取向 高性能化 |
| 英文关键词:Sodium Alginate Polyaniline Aerogel Ambient Pressure Drying Orientation High-Performance Modification |
| 基金项目:YESS20220025(中国科协青年托举工程) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 6 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| :本研究采用双取向冰模板法结合海藻酸钠诱导苯胺原位冷冻聚合,通过乙醇置换降低溶剂表面张力,成功实现了常压干燥制备具有取向孔结构的海藻酸钠/聚苯胺气凝胶。该气凝胶具有低密度(37.58 mg/cm3)、高孔隙率(>90%)和有序蜂窝状三维网络结构。性能测试表明,材料具备各向异性的力学性能,最高比模量达22.30 MPa·cm3/g,可承受自重1915倍的负载；隔热性能方面,垂直片层方向导热系数为37.75 mW/m·K；经银纳米线浸渍后,电磁屏蔽效能高达(Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness,EMI SE)56 dB,屏蔽机制以吸收损耗为主。本研究为高性能、低成本气凝胶的绿色制备提供了可行途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogels with oriented pore structures were successfully prepared by ambient pressure dryingbidirectional. Ice templating method combined with sodium alginate-induced in-situ freezing polymerization of aniline was adopted, and the surface tension of the solvent was reduced via ethanol replacement. The as-prepared aerogels featured low density , high porosity (>90%) and an ordered co-continues three-dimensional network structure. Performance tests demonstrated that the material exhibited anisotropic mechanical properties, with a maximum specific modulus of 22.30 MPa·cm3/g and the ability to bear a load 1915 times its own weight. In terms of thermal insulation performance, the thermal conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the lamellae was 37.75 mW/m·K. After impregnation with silver nanowires, the aerogels achieved an ultrahigh electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 56 dB, and the dominant shielding mechanism was absorption loss. This study provided a feasible approach for the green preparation of high-performance and low-cost aerogels. |
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