| 张毅,冀朋,廖铂华.化学通报,2026,89(7):883-890,864. |
| 从“机械模仿”到“化学合成”：人工生命的历史谱系探析 |
| From “Mechanical Imitation” to “Chemical Synthesis”: An Exploration of the Historical Genealogy of Artificial Life |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-31 修订日期：2026-04-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 生命 人工生命 合成 化学合成 合成生物学 |
| 英文关键词:Life, Artificial life, Synthesis, Chemical synthesis, Synthetic biology |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFC2608200)和福建省社科基金青年项目(FJ2025C032)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 人工生命是人类探索生命本质与生命规律的重要研究对象，分析其历史谱系可为厘清相关概念与伦理争议提供有益参考。其发展历程可大致分为四个阶段：古希腊至近代利用自动机重现生命行为的“机械模仿”；18世纪至20世纪中叶在实验室中复现细胞新陈代谢的“化学模拟”；20世纪中叶开启的在硅基介质中探寻生命逻辑的“算法模拟”；以及当前借助合成生物学实现“自下而上”从头合成有机体的“化学合成”。随着“软、硬、湿”三种进路的深度融合，人工生命实践真正实现了从“如吾所识（life as we know）”向“如其所能（life as it could be）”的范式转变。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Artificial life represents a vital domain for exploring the fundamental nature and governing principles of life, and tracing its historical genealogy offers indispensable reference for clarifying related concepts and resolving ongoing ethical controversies. Its developmental trajectory can be broadly divided into four stages: the “mechanical imitation” stretching from ancient Greece to the early modern period, characterized by the use of automata to replicate life-like behaviors; the “chemical simulation” spanning the eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, marked by laboratory attempts to reproduce cellular metabolism; the “algorithmic simulation” inaugurated in the mid-twentieth century, defined by the pursuit of life’s underlying logic within silicon substrates; and the contemporary “chemical synthesis”, in which synthetic biology enables the bottom-up, de novo synthesis of living organisms. As the “soft,” “hard,” and “wet” approaches to artificial life converge in ever deeper integration, the field has achieved a genuine paradigmatic shift—from the study of “life as we know it” to the exploration of “life as it could be.” |
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