| 辛惠娟,陆泓宇,彭森,赵卓然,赵伟高.化学通报,2026,89(5):565-574. |
| 饮用水系统中胶体态重金属的研究进展 |
| Research progress on colloidal heavy metals in drinking water systems |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-31 修订日期：2026-02-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 饮用水 重金属 胶体态 迁移 |
| 英文关键词:drinking water, heavy metals, colloidal state, migration |
| 基金项目:天津市自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(25JCQNJC01570)、甘肃省科学技术协会2025年创新驱动助力工程项目(GXH20250325-13)和甘肃省联合科研基金项目(25JRRA1166)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 饮用水中的重金属以胶体态存在时易与其他污染物相互作用，加剧水质污染，并对人体健康产生更为严重的威胁。聚焦于饮用水系统中的胶体态重金属，从胶体态重金属的概念、形成和控制技术三方面进行了总结。总结发现，胶体态重金属在饮用水系统各环节均有形成，形成机理包括：重金属元素通过自身水解或与其他污染物吸附、团聚以及通过氧化还原等反应形成胶体态重金属。全流程控制技术中，水源保护包含原位修复（化学修复、生物修复、可渗透反应墙技术）与异位修复（膜分离、吸附、离子交换等），现有技术对胶体态重金属针对性不足。水厂是核心控制环节，常规工艺中混凝、过滤对胶体态重金属去除效果有限，消毒主要通过杀灭微生物以减少重金属形态变化；深度工艺中膜分离可高效截留胶体态重金属，吸附法可与预氧化联用提升去除效果。管网控制主要通过投加缓蚀剂抑制管壁腐蚀、优化消毒策略稳定生物膜，减少胶体态重金属的生成与释放。最后，对胶体态重金属在饮用水系统中形成和控制技术的研究方向进行了展望，以期为控制饮用水污染、保障饮用水水质提供借鉴和帮助。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Heavy metals in drinking water, when present in colloidal form, are prone to interact with other pollutants, exacerbating water pollution and posing a more severe threat to human health. Focusing on colloidal heavy metals in drinking water systems, this paper summarizes and elaborates on aspects such as the concept, formation mechanisms, and control technologies of colloidal heavy metals. It is summarized that colloidal heavy metals can form at various stages of the drinking water system, the formation mechanisms include: Heavy metal elements form colloidal heavy metals through self-hydrolysis, adsorption and agglomeration with other pollutants, as well as through redox reactions. In full-process control technology, Water source protection includes in-situ remediation (chemical remediation, bioremediation, permeable reactive barrier technology) and ex-situ remediation (membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, etc.). Existing technologies are insufficiently targeted for colloidal heavy metals. Water treatment plant is the core control link. In conventional processes, coagulation and filtration have limited effectiveness in removing colloidal heavy metals, while disinfection mainly reduces changes in heavy metal forms by killing microorganisms. In advanced processes, membrane separation can efficiently intercept colloidal heavy metals, and adsorption can be combined with pre-oxidation to enhance removal efficiency. Pipeline network control mainly involves adding corrosion inhibitors to suppress pipe wall corrosion, optimizing disinfection strategies to stabilize biofilms, and reducing the generation and release of colloidal heavy metals. Finally, research directions for the formation and control technologies of colloidal heavy metals at various stages of the drinking water system are prospected, aiming to provide reference and assistance for controlling drinking water pollution and ensuring drinking water quality. |
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