微观世界的探针：论原子光谱作为原子结构研究的基石

任建林; 李冰; 郭燕; 刘翔宇

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任建林,李冰,郭燕,刘翔宇.化学通报,2026,89(4):484-497.

微观世界的探针：论原子光谱作为原子结构研究的基石

A Probe into the Microcosm: On the Fundamental Role of Atomic Spectroscopy in Atomic Structure Research

投稿时间：2025-12-02 修订日期：2026-01-27

DOI：

中文关键词: 光谱技术能级公式玻尔模型波动力学模型原子核壳层模型教学策略

英文关键词:Spectroscopic technique Energy level formula Bohr model Wave-mechanical model Nuclear shell model Teaching strategy

基金项目:教育部实验教学和教学实验室建设研究项目(教高函[2024]215号)]资助

作者	单位	E-mail
任建林^*	宁夏大学化学化工学院	rjl@nxu.edu.cn
李冰	宁夏大学化学化工学院
郭燕	宁夏大学化学化工学院
刘翔宇	宁夏大学化学化工学院

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中文摘要:

本文依据原始文献系统阐述了原子光谱技术在原子结构研究中的关键作用,主要体现在以下几个方面:首先,通过揭示原子能级的存在直接验证了玻尔模型的能级公式；其次,为量子理论的建立提供了实验依据,成功衔接了玻尔模型与波动力学模型；再次,在研究原子相互作用过程中揭示了核自旋与电子运动的耦合机制,为原子核壳层模型的建立奠定了理论基础。这些研究成果极大地深化了人类对原子内部结构的认识。将光谱技术与原子结构理论相结合的教学方法,有效降低了无机化学中"原子结构"这一教学难点的理解门槛。教学实践表明,这种理论联系实际的教学策略能够显著提升初学者的学习效果,特别有助于大一学生克服畏难情绪,更好地掌握相关知识点。

英文摘要:

This paper systematically elucidates the crucial role of atomic spectroscopy in the study of atomic structure based on the original literature, which is mainly reflected in following aspects: First, the Bohr model"s energy level formula was directly verified by revealing the existence of atomic energy levels. Second, it provided experimental evidence for the establishment of theory and successfully connected the Bohr model with the wave dynamics model. Third, it revealed the coupling mechanism between nuclear spin and electron motion during the study of atomic interactions, laying a foundation for the establishment of the nuclear shell model. These research results have significantly deepened human understanding of the internal structure of atoms. The teaching method combining spectroscopic techniques and atomic structure has effectively reduced the understanding threshold of "atomic structure", a teaching difficulty in inorganic chemistry. Teaching practice shows that this teaching strategy of combining theory with practice can significantly improve the outcomes of beginners and is particularly helpful for freshman students to overcome difficulties and better master relevant knowledge points.
Keywords: Spectroscopic technique; Energy level formula; Bohr model; Wave-mechanical model;Nuclear shell model; Teaching strategy.

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